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Index: L

multiple, controlling from one terminal : UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: shl
in windowing terminals, resetting : UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: jterm

layers command : UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: layers

lcd command (ftp) : Learning the UNIX Operating System, 4.4.2.4. ftp

ld command : UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: ld

ldd command : UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: ldd

leave program : UNIX Power Tools, 48.5. leave: A Maddening Aid to Quitting on Time

left angle bracket : (see <)

left bracket : (see [ ] (brackets))

length()

sed & awk, 9.2. String Functions
sed & awk, 9.2.2. String Length

length command (awk)

UNIX Power Tools, 33.11.7. Alphabetical Summary of Commands
UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 11, Reference: length

length, string : sed & awk, 9.2.2. String Length

lensort script

UNIX Power Tools, 36.8. lensort: Sort Lines by Length
UNIX Power Tools, 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc

less command : UNIX Power Tools, 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc

less than sign : (see <)

less utility

UNIX Power Tools, 16.22. Comparing Two Directory Trees with dircmp
UNIX Power Tools, 25.3. Using more to Page Through Files

lesskey program : UNIX Power Tools, 25.4. The "less" Pager: More than "more"

let command

Learning the Korn Shell, 6.2.2. Arithmetic Variables and Assignment
Learning the Korn Shell, 6.3.3. String Formatting Options
Learning the Korn Shell, A.1. The Bourne Shell
UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 4, Reference: let
(see also arithmetic expressions)

lex command

UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: lex
(see also yacc command)

lexical analysis programs, generating : UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: lex

lf script

UNIX Power Tools, 16.7. ls Shortcuts: ll, lf, lg, etc.
UNIX Power Tools, 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc

lg script : UNIX Power Tools, 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc

libraries : UNIX Power Tools, 52.8.2.7. Functions, Libraries, and Header Files

library of functions : sed & awk, 9.3.2. Maintaining a Function Library

limit command (csh) : UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 5, Reference: limit

limit filesize command : UNIX Power Tools, 24.5. Limiting File Sizes

limiting the match extent : sed & awk, 3.2.13. Limiting the Extent

line #: ;; unexpected : UNIX Power Tools, 46.1.4. Missing or Extra esac, ;;, fi, etc.

line addresses

Learning the vi Editor, 5.2.1. Line Addresses
sed & awk, 2.1. Awk, by Sed and Grep, out of Ed
sed & awk, 4.2. A Global Perspective on Addressing
sed & awk, 5.1. About the Syntax of sed Commands
absolute : Learning the vi Editor, 5.2.2. Defining a Range of Lines
printing with = : sed & awk, 5.9. Print Line Number
redefining current line : Learning the vi Editor, 5.2.5. Redefining the Current Line Position
relative : Learning the vi Editor, 5.2.3. Line Addressing Symbols
search patterns : Learning the vi Editor, 5.2.4. Search Patterns
symbols : Learning the vi Editor, 5.2.3. Line Addressing Symbols

line breaks, nroff/troff requests and : UNIX in a Nutshell, 12.3.3. Requests That Cause a Line Break

line command : UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: line

line drawings : UNIX Power Tools, 43.12.1. troff

line-edit mode : UNIX in a Nutshell, 4.5.1. Line-edit Mode

line editing : (see batch editing)

line editors : (see ed editor; ex editor; vi editor)

line function : UNIX Power Tools, 44.13. read: Reading from the Keyboard

line information commands (sed) : UNIX in a Nutshell, 10.4.2. Line Information

line-kill character : UNIX Power Tools, 9.2. Fix a Line Faster with Line-Kill and Word-Erase

LINEFEED character : Learning the UNIX Operating System, 1.4. The Unresponsive Terminal

LINENO variable

Learning the Korn Shell, 9.1.1. Set Options
Learning the Korn Shell, 9.1.2.2. ERR
Learning the Korn Shell, 9.2.2. The Preamble
UNIX in a Nutshell, 4.3.2. Built-in Shell Variables

LINES variable

Learning the Korn Shell, 3.4.2.1. Editing mode variables
UNIX in a Nutshell, 4.3.3. Other Shell Variables

lines

breaking

sed & awk, 11.2.3.3. Line continuation
UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: fold

counting in files

UNIX Power Tools, 29.6. Counting Lines, Words, and Characters: wc
UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: wc

deleting

sed & awk, 2.1. Awk, by Sed and Grep, out of Ed
sed & awk, 5.4. Delete

matching over multiple : sed & awk, 3.2.7.1. Phrases

matching start/end of

sed & awk, 3.2.7. Positional Metacharacters
sed & awk, 3.2.11. What's the Word? Part II

numbering in files

UNIX Power Tools, 25.21. Numbering Lines
UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: nl
nroff/troff requests for : UNIX in a Nutshell, 12.5.9. Line Numbering
resetting : UNIX Power Tools, 46.1.5. Line Numbers Reset Inside Redirected Loops

parsing : (see parsing)

reading as input

sed & awk, 10.1. The getline Function
UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: line
(see also standard input)

searching for : UNIX Power Tools, 45.11. The Multipurpose jot Command

spacing : UNIX Power Tools, 25.12. Double Space, Triple Space ...

terminating : sed & awk, B.2.2.1. Line termination

wrapping : UNIX Power Tools, 42.5. Checklist: Screen Size Messed Up?

linespeed switches : UNIX Power Tools, 5.3. Setting the Terminal Type When You Log In

linking

Learning the Korn Shell, 5.1.3.2. About C Compilers
Learning the Korn Shell, 5.3. case
Learning the Korn Shell, 6.1.3.1. More About C Compilers

links

UNIX Power Tools, 18.4. More About Links

UNIX Power Tools, 18.5. Creating and Removing Links

UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: ln

copying : UNIX Power Tools, 18.15. Copying Directory Trees with cp -r

to directories

UNIX Power Tools, 18.4.2. Links to a Directory
UNIX Power Tools, 18.7. Linking Directories

disk space and : UNIX Power Tools, 24.4. Save Space with a Link

editors : UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: ld

errors caused by : UNIX Power Tools, 50.12. Common UNIX Error Messages

to filenames

UNIX Power Tools, 18.4.1. Differences Between Hard and Symbolic Links
UNIX Power Tools, 44.22. Finding a Program Name; Multiple Program Names
UNIX Power Tools, 45.13. Save Disk Space and Programming: Multiple Names for a Program

finding : UNIX Power Tools, 17.22. Finding the Links to a File

hard

UNIX Power Tools, 14.14. Automatic Setup When You Enter/Exit a Directory
UNIX Power Tools, 18.4. More About Links
(see also symbolic links)

invalid : UNIX Power Tools, 18.6. Stale Symbolic Links

to programs

UNIX Power Tools, 44.22. Finding a Program Name; Multiple Program Names
UNIX Power Tools, 45.13. Save Disk Space and Programming: Multiple Names for a Program

relinking : UNIX Power Tools, 18.14. Relinking Multiple Symbolic Links

symbolic : (see symbolic links)

--lint, --lint-old options (gawk) : sed & awk, 11.2.3.1. Command line options

lint command : UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: lint

Linux

directory protection : Learning the UNIX Operating System, 3.3.3. More Protection Under Linux
finding files on : Learning the UNIX Operating System, 4.4.4. Finding Files
info command : Learning the UNIX Operating System, 7.1. Standard UNIX Documentation
ls command on : Learning the UNIX Operating System, 3.1.8.1. ls
MTOOLS utilities : Learning the UNIX Operating System, 4.4.6. Files on Other Operating Systems
virtual consoles : Learning the UNIX Operating System, 2.1. Introduction to Windowing

LISP

Learning the Korn Shell, 1.7. Input and Output
Learning the Korn Shell, 5.1.1. Exit Status and Return

list command : (see l command (sed))

list command (dbx) : UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 20, Reference: list

list command (ex) : UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 9, Reference: list

list.base program : UNIX Power Tools, 48.10. Working with Names and Addresses

listing files : Learning the UNIX Operating System, 3.1.8. Listing Files

in archives : UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: ar
to be executed : UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: which
for current directory : UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: ls

literal percent sign, creating : UNIX Power Tools, 40.14. Including Standard Input Within a cron Entry

Litmaath, Maarten : UNIX Power Tools, 13.16. Store and Show Errors with logerrs

ll script : UNIX Power Tools, 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc

lm script : UNIX Power Tools, 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc

ln command

UNIX Power Tools, 18.5. Creating and Removing Links

UNIX Power Tools, 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc

UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: ln

-s option

UNIX Power Tools, 18.5. Creating and Removing Links
UNIX Power Tools, 18.7. Linking Directories

lndir program

UNIX Power Tools, 18.7. Linking Directories
UNIX Power Tools, 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc

load averages

UNIX Power Tools, 39.7. Checking System Load: uptime
UNIX Power Tools, 39.12.1. The CPU

loading fonts to Postscript files : UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: download

local dictionary files : UNIX Power Tools, 29.1. The UNIX spell Command

local modes, setting : UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: stty

local variables : sed & awk, 9.3. Writing Your Own Functions

locate program

Learning the UNIX Operating System, 4.4.4. Finding Files
UNIX Power Tools, 17.18. Using "Fast find"
UNIX Power Tools, 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc

lockfiles

UNIX Power Tools, 45.36. Shell Lockfile
(see also file permissions)

log() : sed & awk, 9.1.1. Trigonometric Functions

log command (awk)

UNIX Power Tools, 33.11.7. Alphabetical Summary of Commands
UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 11, Reference: log

LOGDIR environment variable

UNIX Power Tools, 6.3. Predefined Environment Variables
UNIX Power Tools, 14.11. Finding (Anyone's) Home Directory, Quickly

logerrs script

UNIX Power Tools, 13.16. Store and Show Errors with logerrs
UNIX Power Tools, 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc

logged-in users

displaying list : UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: users
report on : UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: rwho

logging

disk space and : UNIX Power Tools, 24.2. Save Space with Bit Bucket Log Files and Mailboxes
timestamp with : sed & awk, 11.2.3.11. Time management for programmers

logging in

Learning the UNIX Operating System, 1.1.1. Connecting to the UNIX Computer
UNIX Power Tools, 2.1. Customizing the Shell
UNIX Power Tools, 38.2. fork and exec
to another user's account : UNIX Power Tools, 22.22. The su Command Isn't Just for the Superuser
as another user : UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: su
changing login sequence : UNIX Power Tools, 2.12. Automatic Setups for Different Terminals
changing to current window : UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: relogin
displaying name : UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: logname
to groups : UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: newgrp
login sessions : (see sessions)
multiple sessions : UNIX Power Tools, 22.22.1. Ending or Suspending
showing login messages once : UNIX Power Tools, 2.15. Unclutter Logins: Show Login Messages Just Once
showing new message lines : UNIX Power Tools, 2.14. motd.diff: Show New Lines in Login Messages

logging out : Learning the UNIX Operating System, 1.1.8. Logging Out

logical operators

sed & awk, 7.8. Relational and Boolean Operators
UNIX in a Nutshell, 5.4.1.3. Bitwise and Logical Operators
(see operators, logical)

login command

UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: login
UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 5, Reference: login

.login file

Learning the UNIX Operating System, 3.6. Customizing Your Account
UNIX Power Tools, 2.2.2. C Shell
UNIX Power Tools, 2.7. C Shell Setup Files Aren't Read When You Want Them to Be?
UNIX Power Tools, 2.8. Identifying Login Shells
UNIX Power Tools, 2.12. Automatic Setups for Different Terminals
UNIX in a Nutshell, 5.2.1. Special Files
if statements in : UNIX Power Tools, 47.3. Conditional Statements with if
once-a-day setup : UNIX Power Tools, 2.5.3. Once-a-Day Setup
setting search path : UNIX Power Tools, 8.7.1. Setting Path in Shell Setup Files
setting terminal type : UNIX Power Tools, 5.3. Setting the Terminal Type When You Log In

login shells

UNIX Power Tools, 2.2. Shell Setup Files-Which, Where, and Why
UNIX Power Tools, 2.2.2. C Shell
UNIX Power Tools, 2.8. Identifying Login Shells
UNIX Power Tools, 51.9. Making a "Login" Shell
identifying : UNIX Power Tools, 2.8. Identifying Login Shells
unapproved : UNIX Power Tools, 2.16. Approved Shells: Using Unapproved Login Shell

loginshell variable : UNIX Power Tools, 2.8. Identifying Login Shells

LOGNAME variable

Learning the Korn Shell, 3.4.2.3. Prompting Variables
Learning the Korn Shell, 3.5.1. Environment Variables
UNIX Power Tools, 6.3. Predefined Environment Variables
UNIX Power Tools, 6.9. Special C Shell Variables
UNIX in a Nutshell, 5.3.5. Environment Variables

logname command : UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: logname

logout command

Learning the UNIX Operating System, 1.1.8. Logging Out
UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 5, Reference: logout

logout command files : Learning the Korn Shell, 3.2. Aliases

.logout file

UNIX Power Tools, 2.2.2. C Shell
UNIX Power Tools, 3.1. Running Commands When You Log Out
UNIX in a Nutshell, 5.2.1. Special Files

long-line wrapping : UNIX Power Tools, 42.6.3. Set Width, Test Line Wrapping: longlines

longlines file

UNIX Power Tools, 42.6.3. Set Width, Test Line Wrapping: longlines
UNIX Power Tools, 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc

look command

UNIX Power Tools, 27.18. Fast Searches and Spelling Checks with "look"
UNIX Power Tools, 29.3. How Do I Spell That Word?
UNIX Power Tools, 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc

lookfor script

UNIX Power Tools, 17.21. lookfor: Which File Has that Word?
UNIX Power Tools, 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc

loops

UNIX Power Tools, 1.5. Anyone Can Program the Shell
UNIX Power Tools, 44.10. Loops That Test Exit Status
sed & awk, 7.3. Awk's Programming Model
sed & awk, 8.2. Looping
(see also under specific loop names)
alias definition : UNIX Power Tools, 10.6. Avoiding C Shell Alias Loops
arrays and : sed & awk, 8.4. Arrays
basename command used in : UNIX Power Tools, 45.18.2. Use with Loops
in Bourne shells : UNIX Power Tools, 44.10. Loops That Test Exit Status
dirname command used in : UNIX Power Tools, 45.18.2. Use with Loops
exit status of : UNIX Power Tools, 45.19. A while Loop with Several Loop Control Commands
find command used in : UNIX Power Tools, 45.18.2. Use with Loops
for : (see for loops)
foreach : (see foreach loops)
if-then-else : UNIX Power Tools, 10.7. How to Put if-then-else in a C Shell Alias
increment number in : UNIX Power Tools, 45.11. The Multipurpose jot Command
jot command in : UNIX Power Tools, 45.11. The Multipurpose jot Command
main input loop : sed & awk, 7.3. Awk's Programming Model
parameters for : UNIX Power Tools, 9.11. Repeating a Command with a foreach Loop
in shell scripts : Learning the vi Editor, 7.4.1. Looping in a Shell Script
split command used in : UNIX Power Tools, 45.18.2. Use with Loops
testing exit status : UNIX Power Tools, 44.10. Loops That Test Exit Status

lorder command : UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: lorder

Lower menu item (mwm) : Learning the UNIX Operating System, 2.5.4. The Window Menu

lowercase : (see case)

lp command

Learning the Korn Shell, 1.5.1. Commands, Arguments, and Options
Learning the Korn Shell, 1.6.1.1. The working directory
Learning the Korn Shell, 1.7.3. Pipelines
Learning the Korn Shell, 7.1.1. Here-documents
Learning the UNIX Operating System, 4.5.2. lp and lpr
UNIX Power Tools, 43.2.1. System V Printing Commands
UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: lp

lp spooler, defined : UNIX Power Tools, 43.1. Introduction to Printing

lpc help command : UNIX Power Tools, 43.3. Printer Control with lpc

lpc restart command : UNIX Power Tools, 43.3. Printer Control with lpc

lpc status command : UNIX Power Tools, 43.2.2. Berkeley Printing Commands

lpq command

Learning the UNIX Operating System, 4.5.2. lp and lpr
Learning the UNIX Operating System, 4.5.4.1. lpstat and lpq
UNIX Power Tools, 43.2.2. Berkeley Printing Commands
UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: lpq
shell script running : UNIX Power Tools, 38.11. Printer Queue Watcher: A Restartable Daemon Shell Script

lpr command

Learning the UNIX Operating System, 4.5.2. lp and lpr
UNIX Power Tools, 43.2.2. Berkeley Printing Commands
UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: lpr
errors caused by : UNIX Power Tools, 50.12. Common UNIX Error Messages
examples : UNIX Power Tools, 44.16. Handling Command-Line Arguments with a for Loop

lpr spooler, defined : UNIX Power Tools, 43.1. Introduction to Printing

lprm command

Learning the UNIX Operating System, 4.5.4.2. cancel and lprm
UNIX Power Tools, 43.2.2. Berkeley Printing Commands
UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: lprm

lprof command

UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: lprof
(see also gprof command; prof command)

lpstat command

Learning the UNIX Operating System, 4.5.4.1. lpstat and lpq
UNIX Power Tools, 43.2.1. System V Printing Commands
UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: lpstat

lptest command : UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: lptest

lr command : UNIX Power Tools, 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc

ls command

Learning the Korn Shell, 1.6.2. Filenames and Wildcards

Learning the Korn Shell, 7.2.2.3. Code blocks

Learning the Korn Shell, 8.5. Coroutines

Learning the UNIX Operating System, 1.2. Syntax of UNIX Command Lines

Learning the UNIX Operating System, 3.1.8.1. ls

UNIX Power Tools, 2.15. Unclutter Logins: Show Login Messages Just Once

UNIX Power Tools, 16.3. Reordering ls Listings

UNIX Power Tools, 16.6. clf, cls: "Compressed" ls Listings

UNIX Power Tools, 16.9. An Alias to List Recently Changed Files

UNIX Power Tools, 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc

sed & awk, 7.8.1. Getting Information About Files

UNIX in a Nutshell, Chapter 2, Reference: ls

-a option : UNIX Power Tools, 16.11. Showing Hidden Files with ls -A and -a

-A option : UNIX Power Tools, 16.11. Showing Hidden Files with ls -A and -a

aliases for

UNIX Power Tools, 16.7. ls Shortcuts: ll, lf, lg, etc.
UNIX Power Tools, 16.12. Useful ls Aliases

-b option : UNIX Power Tools, 16.14. Showing Non-Printable Characters in Filenames

-c option : UNIX Power Tools, 16.2. Finding Oldest or Newest Files with ls -t and ls -u

-C option

UNIX Power Tools, 16.3. Reordering ls Listings
UNIX Power Tools, 16.12. Useful ls Aliases

column formats of : Learning the Korn Shell, 4.4. Command Substitution

-ctime option : UNIX Power Tools, 21.6. A File's Inode Change (not "Creation"!) Time

-d option : UNIX Power Tools, 16.8. The ls -d Option

-F option

Learning the Korn Shell, 3.2. Aliases
UNIX Power Tools, 16.6. clf, cls: "Compressed" ls Listings
UNIX Power Tools, 16.12. Useful ls Aliases
UNIX Power Tools, 18.6. Stale Symbolic Links

file searches with : UNIX Power Tools, 9.24. Get File List by Editing Output of ls -l, grep, etc.

filenames and : UNIX Power Tools, 1.16. Wildcards

-i option

UNIX Power Tools, 1.22. How UNIX Keeps Track of Files: Inodes
UNIX Power Tools, 18.4.1. Differences Between Hard and Symbolic Links

-l option

Learning the Korn Shell, 1.6.2. Filenames and Wildcards
Learning the Korn Shell, 5.1.3.3. File Attribute Checking
UNIX Power Tools, 1.22. How UNIX Keeps Track of Files: Inodes
UNIX Power Tools, 16.25. Listing Files by Age and Size
UNIX Power Tools, 16.29. sls: Super ls with Format You Can Choose
UNIX Power Tools, 22.15. Juggling Permissions

-L option : UNIX Power Tools, 18.6. Stale Symbolic Links

-ld option : UNIX Power Tools, 21.8.1.3. Watching Directories

links and : UNIX Power Tools, 18.4.1. Differences Between Hard and Symbolic Links

-m option : UNIX Power Tools, 16.7. ls Shortcuts: ll, lf, lg, etc.

-q option : UNIX Power Tools, 16.13. Can't Access a File? Look for Spaces in the Name

-r option : UNIX Power Tools, 16.3. Reordering ls Listings

-R option : UNIX Power Tools, 16.4. List All Subdirectories with ls -R

-s option : UNIX Power Tools, 17.14. Searching for Files by Size

-t option : UNIX Power Tools, 16.2. Finding Oldest or Newest Files with ls -t and ls -u

terminfo database and : UNIX Power Tools, 5.10. Finding What Terminal Names You Can Use

-u option

UNIX Power Tools, 16.2. Finding Oldest or Newest Files with ls -t and ls -u
UNIX Power Tools, 16.3. Reordering ls Listings

-x option : UNIX Power Tools, 16.3. Reordering ls Listings

ls_today script

UNIX Power Tools, 16.18. Listing Files You've Created/Edited Today
UNIX Power Tools, 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc

lsdel program : UNIX Power Tools, 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc

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